Prerequisites:
Downloads:
Now that you know some basic chords that you learned by heart by memorizing them visually, you want to understand a little more what is happening on your fretboard. This is very good, it is one of the first bases to assimilate to go further in music theory. Here is an explanation of the note pattern on the guitar.
The theory of music is called Harmony. It governs all the rules for assembling the notes together. And this is valid for everything, whether for the chords or for the scales to be used depending on the tonality imposed by all the chords present in a piece.
By watching this tutorial, you will quickly understand how the notes are arranged on the guitar. Watch this video with your guitar in your hands! What use will this serve you? Well the answer is very simple. This will allow you to find the notes present in your Chords. And in particular the names of your Fundamental notes which give the name of the chord. So, to build all the chords that you don't know yet, this is one of the most important basic rules, among others. Next, you will need to know the names of the intervals to deduce the notes present in your chords. Learning notes on the guitar is one of the most important things you can do when learning guitar. While it is possible to become a great guitar player without learning notes, doing so will make things much more difficult than they need to be.
Memorizing notes on the guitar is something you can do in a very short time. I'm not going to lie to you like some YouTube videos and tell you that you can memorize notes in 10 minutes, but if you follow the method in this article, you can memorize the entire fretboard in no time.
Making the effort to memorize notes is much easier if you know why it's worth doing. So let's look at some useful things you can do if you memorize notes on the guitar.
THE barre chords allow you to take a chord shape and play it anywhere on the neck of the guitar. This allows you to play chords like C#m, Ebm, F#m, Gm, all with the same chord shape. There is no open chord shape for the C#m, but you can easily play it if you know the barre chord shape and know where to find the C# on the fretboard.
Barre chords are only useful if you know where to play them. Knowing the notes on the guitar (especially the E and bass strings) will allow you to play any barre chord anywhere you want.
Let's say you're playing in a band and the rhythm guitarist has found a nice riff using the harmonic E minor scale and asks you to try creating a solo on top of it.
If you have memorized the notes on the guitar, you just need to know the notes of this scale or the diagram of the scale then its starting note. If the guitarist tells you the notes are E F# GABC D# or the key, you now know everything you need to play the scale across the entire fretboard.
If you know the chord formula or the notes of a chord, you can construct the chord anywhere you want on the fretboard. Here are some examples of the different ways you can play an E minor chord on the fretboard. When you learn notes on the guitar, you are able to construct any chord you want in almost any position.
Different chord shapes can be used in different songs and open so many doors for your playing.
Instead of being stuck with one or two chord shapes, you can unlock all chord shapes across the entire fretboard.
If you learn notes on the guitar, you can do it with any chord.
If you haven't yet, at some point you may want to start improvising or soloing over backing tracks. It's a lot of fun and a great way to develop your skills. Most guitarists learn by memorizing a few pentatonic box shapes.
Shapes make it easy to start improvising, but there is a downside. Many guitarists end up getting stuck in a rut. The problem with memorizing scale shapes is that you don't learn why certain notes sound better than others. When you learn notes on the guitar, you can start targeting specific notes that work on the backing chords. For example, if the root chord is C major, as you improvise, you can target the notes C, E, and G (the notes of the C major chord). If the root chord changes to Dm7, you can target the notes D, F, A, C (the notes of Dm7).
If you prefer to stay on track, don't forget to work on the modes that will allow you to explore other sounds.
Until you try it yourself, it's hard to understand the control it gives you over your playing. Instead of playing random notes in scale shapes, you can choose the perfect notes at the moment. Perfect.
Probably the most important reason to learn notes on the guitar is that it improves your understanding of music. Instead of riffs, chords, and solos being a series of patterns and shapes, you can understand why some chords work well together and others don't. You can understand why the licks you try to play on one backing track don't sound very good but they sounded good on another backing track.
Learning notes on the guitar opens you to a new level of understanding music. This will help you better understand the songs you play as well as everything you write.
It's no surprise that many guitarists put off learning notes on the guitar until later.
At first, memorizing notes on the guitar seems insurmountable. There are 12 notes in Western music, so everything repeats if you go up 12 frets. The 12th fret is where the open string notes repeat and the 24th fret is where they repeat again. This means you only have to memorize half of the fretboard because the other half repeats itself.
If you memorize the notes up to the 12th fret, the same notes repeat above the 12th fret.
We've already halved the number of notes you need to memorize, but let's cut it a little more.
You don't need to memorize all the chromatic notes!
You don't need to memorize the position of the fa and fa#. You can simply memorize the position of F and remember that F# is one fret further to the right. It's the same thing with flat notes. The note Gb is a fret to the left of G. Eb is a fret to the left of E. So you don't need to memorize any flat notes either – just memorize the “natural” notes (e.g. A, B, C , D, etc.) and remember that if you want a flat note, move one fret to the left.
The best method for learning to memorize notes on the guitar is to use two methods together.
The reason I highly recommend using two methods is because of the way our memory works.
The more different ways we study something, the easier it is to memorize it.
Think of it like cutting down a tree with an axe. If you only cut one side of the tree, it's going to take a long time and be a lot of work. Instead of only cutting one side, it is much easier to cut halfway through one side, then cut through the other side of the tree.
Our memory works the same way. You can try repeating the same method over and over and it will eventually sink in. But if you combine two methods, you will memorize it faster and easier. This is why people who memorize decks of cards use words and pictures to memorize the cards rather than the number and color of the card. This is how people are able to memorize more than 10,000 digits for the number pi. They don't sit down and try to memorize all these numbers. Instead, they use pictures or words to memorize groups of numbers. This is also why when we smell or taste certain things (e.g. a baked apple pie), it can instantly bring back childhood memories. These childhood memories are reinforced by smells and tastes (this is called “multisensory integration”). The reason it's important to know this is because so much of what you do on guitar depends on memorization. If you use methods that are better suited to how our memory works, you will learn things faster and easier. The methods I cover in this article apply good memorization practices. If you combine two methods of memorizing notes on the fretboard, the notes will sink deeper into your memory. You can even use three different methods at the same time and you will learn faster and develop a stronger memory. But too many methods can be confusing. I found that my students memorized notes fastest when we combined the two methods discussed here.
This is an incredibly easy way to start memorizing fretboard notes. The basic idea is to look at each rope separately instead of trying to learn everything at once.
When you practice one rope at a time, you are able to concentrate completely on that rope. In the diagram above, you only need to memorize eight note positions.
Once you have memorized these eight notes, you continue beyond the 12th fret.
Before we explain how to memorize notes, let's see what happens once you finish memorizing the notes of the high E string.
Once you have memorized the notes of the high E string, you only need to memorize four other strings. For what ? Because the high E string and the low E string use the exact same notes in the same positions. I highly recommend starting with the low E string or the high E string. Once you have memorized these notes, all you need to do is memorize four more strings.
This is a great method to use because it is easy to practice. Even if you are a beginner, you will find this method easy to use. Let's see how to practice the notes of the high E string with this method. You start on the open string and play one note at a time moving up the fretboard. Once you reach the 12th fret (E), you move back one note at a time until you reach the open string. Important: While playing, you must say the note names out loud. So while you play, you have to say “Mi, Fa, Sol….” playing each note. The reason this is important is how our memory works. You use multisensory integration when you say the names of notes out loud.
It may seem strange to say the note names out loud while you play, but it will make a huge difference in how quickly you memorize the notes.
Start as slowly as you like. Do not rush. If you rush, the note names won't register in your memory. Take it easy at first
Concentrate well while you practice. The more you concentrate on each note name and position, the faster you will memorize it
Don't worry about which fingers you use to play the notes. You should focus entirely on note names and positions, not playing technique.
Focus on any areas you are not confident in. Transform your weaknesses into strengths
The first few times you do this, you may feel frustrated by the slow pace. It's not serious. If something seems difficult, that's a good sign that you're learning. Don't be frustrated. Be patient and continue to practice as slowly as necessary. Over the next few days, you will notice that it becomes easier to remember the correct positions and note names. You will gradually become faster and you will no longer be stuck in certain areas of the handle.
Follow the same method as before. Make sure you say the notes out loud and really focus on the position of each note. You can even say something like “the note on the fifth fret is E, the 6th fret is F, the 8th fret is G”. The more you concentrate and try, the quicker the notes will stick in your memory. Practice each rope at least 15 to 20 times before moving on to the next one. During each practice session, make sure to practice each rope at least twice. You'll become an expert on the E strings very quickly, so make sure to give more attention to the other strings.
This method works because it teaches you to think linearly. Instead of memorizing a scale shape or position, you think about how the notes on a string relate to each other. When you practice this method, you learn things like “G is always two frets from F”, “B is always one fret from C”, etc.
This means that in the future, when you improvise, you will always know which notes are above and below the current note on each string. If you play an 'E', you will instinctively know that the F is one fret to the right and the D is two frets to the left.
By practicing each string separately, you will not develop “weak spots” on the fretboard. Many guitarists feel uncomfortable playing certain areas of the fretboard because the shapes and patterns they have memorized don't cover those areas. When you practice this method, you learn to feel confident all over the fretboard.
With method 1, you become very good at finding notes up and down a string. But we don't just go up and down the ropes, we also move from one rope to another. If you only use Method 1, you will end up having weak spots in your knowledge of the guitar neck. This is where Method 2 comes into play.
This method is completely different from method 1 and at first it will seem much more difficult. This is why it is so effective: it forces you to memorize notes in a way that prevents you from “cheating”. If you find this method difficult, it is because the notes have not entered your memory well. Once you've mastered this method, you'll be able to instantly find any note you want in any position on the fretboard. This method teaches you to memorize the positions of any note across the entire fretboard without needing to refer to other notes. For example, right now, if you want to find the note 'A' on the B string, your mind will probably think “well the 12th fret is B, so A must be two frets lower on the 10th fret”. That's great, but this method will teach you to instantly jump to the 10th (or 22nd) fret.
Choose a note. With this method, we focus on one note at a time. The goal of the method is to find all the positions across the entire fretboard for the note you are working on. Find this note on the low E string up to the 12th fret. As explained earlier, we have a full octave from the open string up to the 12th fret. This means that you will only find your note once (unless it is the open string, which will also be the 12th fret). Find that note as quickly as possible and then play it.
Move on to the next string and find the note up to the 12th fret. After finding the note on the low E string, move on to the next string and find the note on that string.
Continue to move across all the ropes. Each time you find the note, move to the next string and repeat the process. Once you reach the high E string, go back through all the strings until you get back to the low E string (or lower if you're playing 7 or 8 string guitars). Repeat the steps and choose a new note. Gradually moves to all notes (including notes like A#/Bb). This is a simple method, but it may seem strange. It removes all memorization of shapes if you do it correctly. Try to avoid cheating by thinking of rules like “the note on the next string is five frets lower.” Although these shortcuts may make it seem like you're progressing faster, they're actually holding you back. The goal of this method is to memorize note positions without needing to refer to another position. If you use this method correctly, you will become free on the entire neck of the guitar.
The goal of this method is that you can find all these notes instantly without having to think about other positions or notes. So even if you see shapes or patterns that might make finding note positions easier, ignore them. You'll end up having a much stronger memory if you ignore shapes or patterns when practicing with this method.
Listen carefully to what you are playing. It should be obvious that you are playing a wrong note because it will stand out. Playing a C# when you meant to play a C will be obvious if you listen carefully. If you have played the exercise above, you should notice that when you move to a higher string, the note will stay exactly the same or jump an octave. Try to remember what happens for each string as this will come in handy in the future when you improvise or write songs.
Call the note names out loud while playing. It may sound silly, but it helps strengthen your memory. The idea is that you want to relate the position of the note to the name of the note in your memory. It's much easier to connect the two by calling the note name out loud.
Time yourself for each note and record the results. It's a great way to track your progress and find weak areas. You might find that in one week, you halve the time it takes you to do the exercise. Or you might find that some notes take you twice as long as others.
With consistent daily practice, you should start to feel really confident in your guitar fretboard knowledge after two weeks.
Dissonant intervals can be divided into two categories: sharp and soft.
Consonance in music is when a combination of notes has a pleasant sound. Examples of consonant intervals are music played in unison, major and minor thirds, perfect fifths and fourths, major and minor sixths, and octaves. Dissonance is a combination of notes that sound unpleasant or harsh. Examples of dissonant intervals are major and minor seconds, tritone, and major and minor sevenths. Consonant intervals are considered perfect unison, octave, fifth, fourth, and major third and sixth and minors, and their compound forms. An interval is called “perfect” when the harmonic relationship is in the natural harmonic series (i.e., 1:1 unison, 2:1 octave, 3:2 fifth, and 4:3 fourth) . The other basic intervals (second, third, sixth and seventh) are called “imperfect” because the harmonic relationships are not mathematically exact in the harmonic series. In classical music, the perfect fourth above the bass can be considered dissonant when its function is contrapuntal.
Prerequisites:
Downloads:
Now that you know some basic chords that you learned by heart by memorizing them visually, you want to understand a little more what is happening on your fretboard. This is very good, it is one of the first bases to assimilate to go further in music theory. Here is an explanation of the note pattern on the guitar.
The theory of music is called Harmony. It governs all the rules for assembling the notes together. And this is valid for everything, whether for the chords or for the scales to be used depending on the tonality imposed by all the chords present in a piece.
By watching this tutorial, you will quickly understand how the notes are arranged on the guitar. Watch this video with your guitar in your hands! What use will this serve you? Well the answer is very simple. This will allow you to find the notes present in your Chords. And in particular the names of your Fundamental notes which give the name of the chord. So, to build all the chords that you don't know yet, this is one of the most important basic rules, among others. Next, you will need to know the names of the intervals to deduce the notes present in your chords. Learning notes on the guitar is one of the most important things you can do when learning guitar. While it is possible to become a great guitar player without learning notes, doing so will make things much more difficult than they need to be.
Memorizing notes on the guitar is something you can do in a very short time. I'm not going to lie to you like some YouTube videos and tell you that you can memorize notes in 10 minutes, but if you follow the method in this article, you can memorize the entire fretboard in no time.
Making the effort to memorize notes is much easier if you know why it's worth doing. So let's look at some useful things you can do if you memorize notes on the guitar.
THE barre chords allow you to take a chord shape and play it anywhere on the neck of the guitar. This allows you to play chords like C#m, Ebm, F#m, Gm, all with the same chord shape. There is no open chord shape for the C#m, but you can easily play it if you know the barre chord shape and know where to find the C# on the fretboard.
Barre chords are only useful if you know where to play them. Knowing the notes on the guitar (especially the E and bass strings) will allow you to play any barre chord anywhere you want.
Let's say you're playing in a band and the rhythm guitarist has found a nice riff using the harmonic E minor scale and asks you to try creating a solo on top of it.
If you have memorized the notes on the guitar, you just need to know the notes of this scale or the diagram of the scale then its starting note. If the guitarist tells you the notes are E F# GABC D# or the key, you now know everything you need to play the scale across the entire fretboard.
If you know the chord formula or the notes of a chord, you can construct the chord anywhere you want on the fretboard. Here are some examples of the different ways you can play an E minor chord on the fretboard. When you learn notes on the guitar, you are able to construct any chord you want in almost any position.
Different chord shapes can be used in different songs and open so many doors for your playing.
Instead of being stuck with one or two chord shapes, you can unlock all chord shapes across the entire fretboard.
If you learn notes on the guitar, you can do it with any chord.
If you haven't yet, at some point you may want to start improvising or soloing over backing tracks. It's a lot of fun and a great way to develop your skills. Most guitarists learn by memorizing a few pentatonic box shapes.
Shapes make it easy to start improvising, but there is a downside. Many guitarists end up getting stuck in a rut. The problem with memorizing scale shapes is that you don't learn why certain notes sound better than others. When you learn notes on the guitar, you can start targeting specific notes that work on the backing chords. For example, if the root chord is C major, as you improvise, you can target the notes C, E, and G (the notes of the C major chord). If the root chord changes to Dm7, you can target the notes D, F, A, C (the notes of Dm7).
If you prefer to stay on track, don't forget to work on the modes that will allow you to explore other sounds.
Until you try it yourself, it's hard to understand the control it gives you over your playing. Instead of playing random notes in scale shapes, you can choose the perfect notes at the moment. Perfect.
Probably the most important reason to learn notes on the guitar is that it improves your understanding of music. Instead of riffs, chords, and solos being a series of patterns and shapes, you can understand why some chords work well together and others don't. You can understand why the licks you try to play on one backing track don't sound very good but they sounded good on another backing track.
Learning notes on the guitar opens you to a new level of understanding music. This will help you better understand the songs you play as well as everything you write.
It's no surprise that many guitarists put off learning notes on the guitar until later.
At first, memorizing notes on the guitar seems insurmountable. There are 12 notes in Western music, so everything repeats if you go up 12 frets. The 12th fret is where the open string notes repeat and the 24th fret is where they repeat again. This means you only have to memorize half of the fretboard because the other half repeats itself.
If you memorize the notes up to the 12th fret, the same notes repeat above the 12th fret.
We've already halved the number of notes you need to memorize, but let's cut it a little more.
You don't need to memorize all the chromatic notes!
You don't need to memorize the position of the fa and fa#. You can simply memorize the position of F and remember that F# is one fret further to the right. It's the same thing with flat notes. The note Gb is a fret to the left of G. Eb is a fret to the left of E. So you don't need to memorize any flat notes either – just memorize the “natural” notes (e.g. A, B, C , D, etc.) and remember that if you want a flat note, move one fret to the left.
The best method for learning to memorize notes on the guitar is to use two methods together.
The reason I highly recommend using two methods is because of the way our memory works.
The more different ways we study something, the easier it is to memorize it.
Think of it like cutting down a tree with an axe. If you only cut one side of the tree, it's going to take a long time and be a lot of work. Instead of only cutting one side, it is much easier to cut halfway through one side, then cut through the other side of the tree.
Our memory works the same way. You can try repeating the same method over and over and it will eventually sink in. But if you combine two methods, you will memorize it faster and easier. This is why people who memorize decks of cards use words and pictures to memorize the cards rather than the number and color of the card. This is how people are able to memorize more than 10,000 digits for the number pi. They don't sit down and try to memorize all these numbers. Instead, they use pictures or words to memorize groups of numbers. This is also why when we smell or taste certain things (e.g. a baked apple pie), it can instantly bring back childhood memories. These childhood memories are reinforced by smells and tastes (this is called “multisensory integration”). The reason it's important to know this is because so much of what you do on guitar depends on memorization. If you use methods that are better suited to how our memory works, you will learn things faster and easier. The methods I cover in this article apply good memorization practices. If you combine two methods of memorizing notes on the fretboard, the notes will sink deeper into your memory. You can even use three different methods at the same time and you will learn faster and develop a stronger memory. But too many methods can be confusing. I found that my students memorized notes fastest when we combined the two methods discussed here.
This is an incredibly easy way to start memorizing fretboard notes. The basic idea is to look at each rope separately instead of trying to learn everything at once.
When you practice one rope at a time, you are able to concentrate completely on that rope. In the diagram above, you only need to memorize eight note positions.
Once you have memorized these eight notes, you continue beyond the 12th fret.
Before we explain how to memorize notes, let's see what happens once you finish memorizing the notes of the high E string.
Once you have memorized the notes of the high E string, you only need to memorize four other strings. For what ? Because the high E string and the low E string use the exact same notes in the same positions. I highly recommend starting with the low E string or the high E string. Once you have memorized these notes, all you need to do is memorize four more strings.
This is a great method to use because it is easy to practice. Even if you are a beginner, you will find this method easy to use. Let's see how to practice the notes of the high E string with this method. You start on the open string and play one note at a time moving up the fretboard. Once you reach the 12th fret (E), you move back one note at a time until you reach the open string. Important: While playing, you must say the note names out loud. So while you play, you have to say “Mi, Fa, Sol….” playing each note. The reason this is important is how our memory works. You use multisensory integration when you say the names of notes out loud.
It may seem strange to say the note names out loud while you play, but it will make a huge difference in how quickly you memorize the notes.
Start as slowly as you like. Do not rush. If you rush, the note names won't register in your memory. Take it easy at first
Concentrate well while you practice. The more you concentrate on each note name and position, the faster you will memorize it
Don't worry about which fingers you use to play the notes. You should focus entirely on note names and positions, not playing technique.
Focus on any areas you are not confident in. Transform your weaknesses into strengths
The first few times you do this, you may feel frustrated by the slow pace. It's not serious. If something seems difficult, that's a good sign that you're learning. Don't be frustrated. Be patient and continue to practice as slowly as necessary. Over the next few days, you will notice that it becomes easier to remember the correct positions and note names. You will gradually become faster and you will no longer be stuck in certain areas of the handle.
Follow the same method as before. Make sure you say the notes out loud and really focus on the position of each note. You can even say something like “the note on the fifth fret is E, the 6th fret is F, the 8th fret is G”. The more you concentrate and try, the quicker the notes will stick in your memory. Practice each rope at least 15 to 20 times before moving on to the next one. During each practice session, make sure to practice each rope at least twice. You'll become an expert on the E strings very quickly, so make sure to give more attention to the other strings.
This method works because it teaches you to think linearly. Instead of memorizing a scale shape or position, you think about how the notes on a string relate to each other. When you practice this method, you learn things like “G is always two frets from F”, “B is always one fret from C”, etc.
This means that in the future, when you improvise, you will always know which notes are above and below the current note on each string. If you play an 'E', you will instinctively know that the F is one fret to the right and the D is two frets to the left.
By practicing each string separately, you will not develop “weak spots” on the fretboard. Many guitarists feel uncomfortable playing certain areas of the fretboard because the shapes and patterns they have memorized don't cover those areas. When you practice this method, you learn to feel confident all over the fretboard.
With method 1, you become very good at finding notes up and down a string. But we don't just go up and down the ropes, we also move from one rope to another. If you only use Method 1, you will end up having weak spots in your knowledge of the guitar neck. This is where Method 2 comes into play.
This method is completely different from method 1 and at first it will seem much more difficult. This is why it is so effective: it forces you to memorize notes in a way that prevents you from “cheating”. If you find this method difficult, it is because the notes have not entered your memory well. Once you've mastered this method, you'll be able to instantly find any note you want in any position on the fretboard. This method teaches you to memorize the positions of any note across the entire fretboard without needing to refer to other notes. For example, right now, if you want to find the note 'A' on the B string, your mind will probably think “well the 12th fret is B, so A must be two frets lower on the 10th fret”. That's great, but this method will teach you to instantly jump to the 10th (or 22nd) fret.
Choose a note. With this method, we focus on one note at a time. The goal of the method is to find all the positions across the entire fretboard for the note you are working on. Find this note on the low E string up to the 12th fret. As explained earlier, we have a full octave from the open string up to the 12th fret. This means that you will only find your note once (unless it is the open string, which will also be the 12th fret). Find that note as quickly as possible and then play it.
Move on to the next string and find the note up to the 12th fret. After finding the note on the low E string, move on to the next string and find the note on that string.
Continue to move across all the ropes. Each time you find the note, move to the next string and repeat the process. Once you reach the high E string, go back through all the strings until you get back to the low E string (or lower if you're playing 7 or 8 string guitars). Repeat the steps and choose a new note. Gradually moves to all notes (including notes like A#/Bb). This is a simple method, but it may seem strange. It removes all memorization of shapes if you do it correctly. Try to avoid cheating by thinking of rules like “the note on the next string is five frets lower.” Although these shortcuts may make it seem like you're progressing faster, they're actually holding you back. The goal of this method is to memorize note positions without needing to refer to another position. If you use this method correctly, you will become free on the entire neck of the guitar.
The goal of this method is that you can find all these notes instantly without having to think about other positions or notes. So even if you see shapes or patterns that might make finding note positions easier, ignore them. You'll end up having a much stronger memory if you ignore shapes or patterns when practicing with this method.
Listen carefully to what you are playing. It should be obvious that you are playing a wrong note because it will stand out. Playing a C# when you meant to play a C will be obvious if you listen carefully. If you have played the exercise above, you should notice that when you move to a higher string, the note will stay exactly the same or jump an octave. Try to remember what happens for each string as this will come in handy in the future when you improvise or write songs.
Call the note names out loud while playing. It may sound silly, but it helps strengthen your memory. The idea is that you want to relate the position of the note to the name of the note in your memory. It's much easier to connect the two by calling the note name out loud.
Time yourself for each note and record the results. It's a great way to track your progress and find weak areas. You might find that in one week, you halve the time it takes you to do the exercise. Or you might find that some notes take you twice as long as others.
With consistent daily practice, you should start to feel really confident in your guitar fretboard knowledge after two weeks.
Dissonant intervals can be divided into two categories: sharp and soft.
Consonance in music is when a combination of notes has a pleasant sound. Examples of consonant intervals are music played in unison, major and minor thirds, perfect fifths and fourths, major and minor sixths, and octaves. Dissonance is a combination of notes that sound unpleasant or harsh. Examples of dissonant intervals are major and minor seconds, tritone, and major and minor sevenths. Consonant intervals are considered perfect unison, octave, fifth, fourth, and major third and sixth and minors, and their compound forms. An interval is called “perfect” when the harmonic relationship is in the natural harmonic series (i.e., 1:1 unison, 2:1 octave, 3:2 fifth, and 4:3 fourth) . The other basic intervals (second, third, sixth and seventh) are called “imperfect” because the harmonic relationships are not mathematically exact in the harmonic series. In classical music, the perfect fourth above the bass can be considered dissonant when its function is contrapuntal.
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